Non-communicable diseases can develop over time and may not cause symptoms at first. Healthy living and appropriate screening can help reduce risk and identify problems earlier.
Non-communicable diseases, or NCDs, are long-lasting conditions influenced by a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. Major NCDs include cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Mental health conditions and injuries are also important parts of Jamaica's wider NCD and wellness response.
Common modifiable risk factors include tobacco use, unhealthy diets, insufficient physical activity and harmful use of alcohol. These behaviours can contribute to raised blood pressure, high blood glucose, abnormal blood lipids and overweight or obesity.
Several measurements can help you understand NCD risk and, for people already diagnosed with an NCD, how well a condition is being controlled. Jamaica's Know Your Numbers initiative highlights blood pressure, blood glucose, blood cholesterol, body mass index and waist circumference.
A single number does not diagnose every condition, and healthy ranges can depend on age, medical history and other factors. Results should be interpreted by an appropriately trained health professional, especially when a screening result is abnormal.
Screening can identify risk factors or health problems before symptoms appear. Early detection can create an opportunity for follow-up, lifestyle support and treatment before complications develop.
Healthy lifestyle practices remain important after diagnosis. Physical activity, healthy eating, taking prescribed medication, attending follow-up appointments, avoiding tobacco and understanding your health numbers can all support disease management. Your individual plan should be agreed with your health-care team.
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